Abstract: Since 1929, when Presburger formalized his eponymous arithmetic $(\mathbb{Z}, <, +)$—integers with order and addition, but not multiplication—various extensions of this theory have been studied. Presburger arithmetic (PA) is decidable, as are some of its extensions, such as that by base-2 exponentiation. In joint work with Philipp Hieronymi, we extend PA by the sine function. Let sine-Presburger arithmetic ($\sin$-PA) be the theory of $(\mathbb{R}, <, +, \mathbb{Z}, \sin)$ with quantification only over integers. We show that the $\sin$-PA fragment with 4 alternating quantifier blocks is undecidable by encoding the halting problem. On the other hand, we present a decision procedure for the existential fragment of $\sin$-PA, under assumption of Schanuel’s Conjecture from transcendental number theory.