Abstract: The study of the Fredholm Index of operators is of great interest in analysis. The 60's saw the development of the theory of the index of elliptic operators as a topological invariant on compact manifolds, a vast generalization of the Gauss Bonnet theorem. Now there are generalizations of all sorts of spaces including spaces with boundary, singularities and in non commutative geometry. I will begin by introducing Index theory, motivating the key ideas with the example of the Gauss Bonnet theorem, on manifolds with boundary. The index in this example has a topological contribution as well as a contribution coming from the asymmetry of the boundary, which can be described in terms of geodesic curvature. I will then describe how for general operators, this asymmetry can be expressed using boundary conditions for the operator, and in the case of spectral boundary conditions, one deals with the spectral asymmetry. I won't assume any prior knowledge on Index theory, and it should be accessible for analysts